In November 2009 the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL kindly hosted a workshop...on go-betweens, translations, and the circulation of knowledge in the early modern Low Countries. The workshop was incredibly stimulating, and...the discussions...fueled the present volume. However, we felt that we had only started the exchange, and...we decided to have a follow-up workshop, this time focusing more on the mathematical sciences, the exchange of knowledge in the arts, and the invention of vocabulary. The workshop was hosted by Ghent University's Centre for the History of Sciences in September 2010. In the meantime, another workshop took place under the auspices of the Research Network at the Institut d'Estudis Catalans in Barcelona. The workshop focused on the exchange of knowledge between the Iberian Peninsula and the Netherlands, and...several of the papers presented also dealt with translation. We decided to add them to the present volume.