Part 1. Theoretical challenges -- Premodern non-state agency : the theoretical, historical, and legal challenge / John Watkins -- Plurality of diplomatic agents in premodern literature on the ambassador / Dante Fedele -- Part 2. Consuls -- Space, agency, and conflict management in the late medieval Baltic : urban colonies and representatives of Hanse Towns at Scania / Louis Stickling -- Your high and mighty lordships' most humble servants : Dutch consuls and the States General's diplomacy in Spain, 1648-1661 / Maurits Ebben -- Part 3. Missionaries -- The mendicant friars : actors in diplomatic encounters with the Mongols / Jaques Paviot -- The New Indies, the desired Indies : Antonio Possevino and the Jesuits between diplomacy and missionarism in northeastern Europe, 1577-1587 / Felicia Rosu -- Part 4. Spies -- Secrets, diplomatics, and spies in late medieval France and in the Burgundian state : parallel practices and undercover operations / Jean-Baptiste Santamaria -- "Secret wheeles" : clandestine information, espionage, and European intelligence / Alan Marshall.